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the mouth of his teacher, Socrates:(469-399 B.C.), he a~tempted to expound the utopia of the most ideal

1l i~ city-state:

“Thus Socrates”, asked Glaueon, “do you think the “ femal~ of the guardim dogs ought to share in the guard

2.,’;””, which the males keep? Ought they to jom in the hunt ‘”

~~ and whatever else they do? Or should the females keep kennel indoors because of the birth and training of pups and should the males do the hard work and have all the care of the Bocks?”

“They ought to do everything together,” answered Socrates, “except that we treat the males as stronger and the females as weaker.”

“But, is it possible to use animals for the same tbings if you do not give them the same training and education 1”

“Impossible. “

•

“Now music and gyIJlD8$tic are ~ught to the men. So we must teach the women these lame two artS in matters of war and use them in the same way. Surely we see naked women in the wrestling schools exercising with the men-not only the young women but even the older ones. Like the old men in the gymnasiUJQ covered with wrinkles and not pleasant to look at who still fancy , the game!”

“But we have found by experience that it is better to strip than to hide all luch things and soon the seemingly funny to the eyes ‘melted away before that which was

.revealed in the light of reason to be the best … These

women are to be common to all these men; nobody must have a private wife of his own and the children must be common, too; the parent shall not know the child nor the child its parent.”

“I ICC in your house hunting dogs and game birda. Pray. have you paid any attention to their matings and breedings ?”

“It follows that from what we have agreed that the best