To Be a European Muslim: A Study of Islamic Sources in the European Context
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Être musulman européen : étude des sources islamiques à la lumière du contexte européen
Tariq RamadanSurveys the Islamic textual and legal sources to argue that Muslims in Europe may legitimately be both fully Muslim and fully European, and need to develop a distinct Western Muslim identity and jurisprudence of residence, citizenship and witness.
Keywords: Être musulman européen, European Muslims, fiqh of minorities, dar al-shahada, citizenship
Archived 16 October 2026 · Source: openlibrary.org
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Translated into many languages; Bosnian ed. already on site, so not duplicated. No free English copy found.
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Ramadan, Tariq. To Be a European Muslim: A Study of Islamic Sources in the European Context. The Islamic Foundation (Markfield, Leicester); French original Tawhid (Lyon) 1999. Archived 16 October 2026 in Islamic Internet Archives: Archive of Modern Islamic Thought. https://islamicarchives.org/works/tariq-ramadan-to-be-a-european-muslim-a-study-of-islamic-sources-in-the/